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Financial Report of the United States Government

Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2022, and 2021

Statements of Changes in Cash Balance from Budget and Other Activities

The primary purpose of these financial statements is to report how the annual budget deficit relates to the change in the government’s cash and other monetary assets, as well as federal debt. It explains why the budget deficit normally would not result in an equivalent change in the government’s cash and other monetary assets.

These statements reconcile the budget deficit to the change in cash and other monetary assets during the fiscal year. They also serve to explain how the budget deficits were financed. These statements show the adjustments for non-cash outlays included in the budget, and items affecting the cash balance not included in the budget, to explain the change in cash and other monetary assets.

The budget deficit is primarily financed through borrowings from the public. When receipts exceed outlays, the difference is a surplus. The budget treats borrowing and debt repayment as a means of financing, not as receipts and outlays. The budget records outlays for the interest on the public issues of Treasury debt securities as the interest accrues, not when the cash is paid.

Non-cash flow amounts in the budget related to loan financing account activity also reflect intra-governmental transactions such as interest expense paid or interest revenue received from Treasury, entity year-end credit reform subsidy reestimates, and the receipt of subsidy expense from program accounts. Cash flow from non-budget activities related to loan financing account activity includes all cash flows to and from the public, including direct loan disbursements/default payments to lenders, fees collected, principal and interest repayments, collections on defaulted guarantee loans, and sale proceeds of foreclosed property. The budget totals exclude the transactions of the financing accounts because they are not a cost to the government. However, since loan financing accounts record all credit cash flows to and from the public, they affect the means of financing a budget deficit.

United States Government
Statements of Changes in Cash Balance from Budget and Other Activities
for the Years Ended September 30, 2022, and 2021

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(In billions of dollars)
2022
2021
Cash flow from budget activities
Total budget receipts  4,896.1 4,046.0
Total budget outlays 1 (6,271.6) (6,821.6)
Budget deficit  1 (1,375.5) (2,775.6)
Adjustments for non-cash outlays included in the budget
Non-cash flow amounts in the budget related to federal debt
Accrued interest  311.3 293.4
Net amortization  31.9    12.1
Other  260.0    82.3
Subtotal - adjustments for non-cash flow amounts in the budget related to federal debt 603.2 387.8
Non-cash flow amounts in the budget related to loan financing account activity
Interest revenue on uninvested funds  12.7 12.8
Interest expense on entity borrowings  (45.5) (47.4)
Downward reestimates/negative subsidy payments  (55.9) (58.1)
Subsidy expense/upward reestimates  542.6 456.4
Subtotal - adjustments for non-cash flow amounts in the budget related to loan financing account activity 453.9 363.7
Total of adjustments for non-cash outlays included in the budget  1,057.1 751.5
Cash flow from activities not included in the budget
Cash flow from non-budget activities related to federal debt
Interest paid   (299.2) (294.8)
Subtotal - cash flow from non-budget activities related to federal debt (299.2) (294.8)
Cash flow from non-budget activities related to loan financing account activity
Loan disbursements/default payments  (522.6) (823.0)
Fees  25.4    27.5
Principal & interest repayments  87.5    78.1
Other collections on defaulted loans receivable and sale of foreclosed property  2.2 2.2
Special purpose vehicle disbursements   (4.5) (14.9)
Repayments of special purpose vehicle investments   9.1    77.7
Subtotal - cash flow from non-budget activities related to loan financing account activity  (402.9) (652.4)
Cash flow from financing federal debt
Borrowings  17,457.5 20,375.7
Repayments  (15,701.2) (19,194.0)
Discount/premium  (78.7) (11.7)
Effect of uninvested principal from the Thrift Saving Plan's G Fund   (156.7) 156.7
Subtotal - cash flow from financing federal debt   1,520.9 1,326.7
Total cash flow from activities not included in the budget  818.8 379.5
Other
Allocations of special drawing rights  (14.8) 112.1
All other reconciling items   (82.8)    80.6
Total other  (97.6) 192.7
Change in cash and other monetary assets balance   402.8 (1,451.9)
Beginning cash and other monetary assets balance  475.0 1,926.9
Ending cash and other monetary assets balance    877.8 475.0

1The FY 2021 budget deficit differs from the FY 2021 budget deficit reported in the MTS because of approximately $3.4 billion of outlays that were not recorded in the MTS until FY 2022.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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Last modified 02/27/24